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        <h2 id="VirtualBox安装"><a href="#VirtualBox安装" class="headerlink" title="VirtualBox安装"></a>VirtualBox安装</h2><p>VirtualBox是Oracle开源的虚拟化系统，它支持多个平台，所以你可以到<a href="https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>官方网站</em></a>下载适合你平台的VirtualBox最新版本并安装，安装过程选择默认设置即可。</p>
<h2 id="Vagrant安装"><a href="#Vagrant安装" class="headerlink" title="Vagrant安装"></a>Vagrant安装</h2><p>在<a href="http://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>官方网站</em></a>下载安装包,安装过程选择默认设置即可。</p>
<p>尽量下载最新的程序，因为VirtualBox经常升级，升级后有些接口会变化，老的Vagrant可能无法使用。</p>
<p>检测安装是否成功的方法是，在终端命令行工具中输入vagrant，看看程序是不是已经可以运行了。如果不行，请检查一下<code>$PATH</code>里面是否包含vagrant所在的路径。</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<h2 id="Vagrant配置"><a href="#Vagrant配置" class="headerlink" title="Vagrant配置"></a>Vagrant配置</h2><p>一个打包好的操作系统在Vagrant中称为Box，即Box是一个打包好的操作系统环境。<a href="http://www.vagrantbox.es/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">vagrantbox.es</a>上面有大家熟知的大多数操作系统。建议下载后安装，这样安装过程快速。</p>
<h2 id="建立开发环境目录"><a href="#建立开发环境目录" class="headerlink" title="建立开发环境目录"></a>建立开发环境目录</h2><p>根据自己的系统不同建立一个目录就可以。</p>
<h2 id="下载box"><a href="#下载box" class="headerlink" title="下载box"></a>下载box</h2><p>前面讲了box是一个操作系统环境，实际上它是一个zip包，包含了Vagrant的配置信息和VirtualBox的虚拟机镜像文件.比如<a href="http://files.vagrantup.com/lucid64.box" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Ubuntu lucid 64</em></a></p>
<h2 id="添加box"><a href="#添加box" class="headerlink" title="添加box"></a>添加box</h2><p>添加box的命令如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vagrant box add base 远端的box地址或者本地的box文件名</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>base是box的名称，可以是任意的字符串，base是默认名称，主要用来标识一下你添加的box，后面的命令都是基于这个标识来操作的。</p>
<p>例子：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vagrant box add base http://files.vagrantup.com/lucid64.box</span><br><span class="line">vagrant box add base https://dl.dropbox.com/u/7225008/VagrantCentOS-6.3-x86_64-minimal.box</span><br><span class="line">vagrant box add base CentOS-6.3-x86_64-minimal.box</span><br><span class="line">vagrant box add <span class="string">"CentOS 6.3 x86_64 minimal"</span> CentOS-6.3-x86_64-minimal.box</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vagrant box add base lucid64.box</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>安装过程的信息：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Downloading or copying the box...</span><br><span class="line">Extracting box...te: 47.5M/s, Estimated time remaining: --:--:--)</span><br><span class="line">Successfully added box <span class="string">'base'</span> with provider <span class="string">'virtualbox'</span>!</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>box中的镜像文件在window系统中应该是放到了： C:\Users\当前用户名.vagrant.d\boxes\目录下。</p>
<h2 id="初始化"><a href="#初始化" class="headerlink" title="初始化"></a>初始化</h2><p>初始化的命令如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vagrant init</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>如果你添加的box名称不是base，那么需要在初始化的时候指定名称，例如</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vagrant init <span class="string">"CentOS 6.3 x86_64 minimal"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>初始化过程的信息：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">A `Vagrantfile` has been placed <span class="keyword">in</span> this directory.</span><br><span class="line">You are now ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment!</span><br><span class="line">Please <span class="built_in">read</span> the comments <span class="keyword">in</span> the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on `vagrantup.com` <span class="keyword">for</span> more information on using Vagrant.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="启动虚拟机"><a href="#启动虚拟机" class="headerlink" title="启动虚拟机"></a>启动虚拟机</h2><p>启动虚拟机的命令如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vagrant up</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>启动过程的信息:</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Bringing machine <span class="string">'default'</span> up with <span class="string">'virtualbox'</span> provider...</span><br><span class="line">[default] Importing base box <span class="string">'base'</span>...</span><br><span class="line">[default] Matching MAC address <span class="keyword">for</span> NAT networking...</span><br><span class="line">[default] Setting the name of the VM...</span><br><span class="line">[default] Clearing any previously <span class="built_in">set</span> forwarded ports...</span><br><span class="line">[default] Creating shared folders metadata...</span><br><span class="line">[default] Clearing any previously <span class="built_in">set</span> network interfaces...</span><br><span class="line">[default] Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...</span><br><span class="line">[default] Forwarding ports...</span><br><span class="line">[default] -- 22 =&gt; 2222 (adapter 1)</span><br><span class="line">[default] Booting VM...</span><br><span class="line">[default] Waiting <span class="keyword">for</span> VM to boot. This can take a few minutes.</span><br><span class="line">[default] VM booted and ready <span class="keyword">for</span> use!</span><br><span class="line">[default] Mounting shared folders...</span><br><span class="line">[default] -- /vagrant</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="连接到虚拟机"><a href="#连接到虚拟机" class="headerlink" title="连接到虚拟机"></a>连接到虚拟机</h2><p>上面已经启动了虚拟机，之后我们就可以通过ssh来连接到虚拟机了。比如在我的开发机中可以像这样来连接：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vagrant ssh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>连接到虚拟机后的信息如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Linux lucid64 2.6.32-38-server <span class="comment">#83-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jan 4 11:26:59 UTC 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux</span></span><br><span class="line">Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Welcome to the Ubuntu Server!</span><br><span class="line"> * Documentation:  http://www.ubuntu.com/server/doc</span><br><span class="line">New release <span class="string">'precise'</span> available.</span><br><span class="line">Run <span class="string">'do-release-upgrade'</span> to upgrade to it.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Welcome to your Vagrant-built virtual machine.</span><br><span class="line">Last login: Fri Sep 14 07:31:39 2012 from 10.0.2.2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这样我们就可以像连接到一台服务器一样进行操作了。<br><em>Window机器不支持这样的命令，必须使用第三方客户端来进行连接，例如putty、Xshell等.</em></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">主机地址: 127.0.0.1</span><br><span class="line">端口: 2222</span><br><span class="line">用户名: vagrant</span><br><span class="line">密码: vagrant</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

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